If you have an hourly contract, everything you produce while logging time belongs to the client.
But if you make a fixed-price contract, then conceivably the contract could be for any type of deliverables you care to specify. It is certainly possible to create a fixe-price contract in which you only supply a locked PDF file version of a brochure, for example, rather than providing AI and PSD files as well. As long as you and the client both agree to it.