How do I get paid fast?

[#1]

How can I receive my payments faster? Isn't there a way to do this?

Except for weekly waiting periods

[#2]

Fixed-price project or "add bonus" option. Security hold for both is 5 days. But both isn't covered by payment protection if something will going wrong.

[#3]

As long as the milestone is funded, fixed price is covered under payment protection. 
But no, there's no guaranteed way to get your payments faster. The client has up to 14 days to pay or request changes before Upwork pays automatically. Then there is a 5-day waiting period. 

So in short, you have a minimum of a 5-day waiting period, but it could go as long as 19 days (assuming the client doesn't have any changes). 

[#4]

Sure, 19 and up to infinite when client will click "request changes". 

But when all good then it is fasterst way from all available.

[#5]

Fortunately, while I've heard of it happening, I have yet to experience that particular nuisance in my 6+ years here. 
Unfortunately, it does seem it's becoming more and more prevalent.